EPS is characterized by transepidermal elimination of dermal substances (abnormal elastic fibers) with thickened papillary dermis, which is caused by systemic fibrous tissue diseases like Down syndrome, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, Marfan syndrome, osteogenesis imperfecta, scleroderma, and pseudoxanthoma elasticum. Also, it can be caused by D-penicillamine therapy for Wilson’s disease, cystinuria, and rheumatoid arthritis.
There are four generations of retinoids: Role of retinoids for acne Mechanism of action The mechanism of action of topical retinoids is very complex. When applied topically, any deficiency in collagen that exists in the skin is partially improved. Among all the topical retinoids, tretinoin is the most potent and widely used therapy for photo-aging. […]