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Skin lesions

27 Feb, 2022 | No Comments

Skin lesions

Primary Lesions

Macule – flat lesion(<1cm) eg: freckle 

Papule  – solid, elevated lesion (<1cm) eg: whitehead

Patch – large macule (>1cm) eg: vitiligo, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation

Plaque – elevated lesion(>1cm) eg: psoriasis

Nodule – solid, elevated lesion (>1cm) into dermis eg: erythema nodosum

Pustule – elevated lesion with visible exudate eg: folliculitis

Vesicle – elevated lesion containing clear fluid (<0.5cm diameter) eg: chicken pox

Bullae – elevated lesion containing clear fluid (>0.5cm diameter) eg: bullous impetigo

Wheal – oedema in dermis (V/D and incresed permeability) eg: mosquito bite, food allergy

Abscess – pus-filled swelling below skin (pus may be invisible, but features of inflammation present) eg: boils, carbuncles

Cyst – sac contaning liquid or semisolid material in cavity (well-defined margin)

(1) epidermal cyst – contain keratinous material (lined with squamous epithelium)

(2) pilar cyst  – originated from hair follicle blocked by keratin (lined with multilayered epithelium)

Secondary Lesions

Excoriation – produced by scratch (in epidermis)

Abrasion – caused by friction or mechanical trauma (in epidermis)

Erosion – partial loss of epidermis (non-scarring) eg: acid corrosive, herpes zoster

Ulcer – complete loss of epidermis together with partly dermis (scarring) eg: bed sore, diabetic foot

Crust – cellular debris (together with dried blood, pus, serum) eg: impetigo, scratch mole until bleed

Scale – abnormal shedding or accumulation of stratum corneum eg: eczema, psoriasis

Fissure – linear cleft of epidermis and part of dermis eg: cracked heel (pain may be suffered in deeper fissure)

Scar – new connective tissue in dermis eg: hypertrophic scar, keloid

Telangiectasia – focal dilation of superficial small vessel (disappear when pressure)

Skin Atrophy – decreased cells in epidermal or dermal or fat layer

(1) epidermal atrophy – fine line, wrinkle

(2) dermal atrophy – skin-graft area, Discoid lupus erythematosus

(3) lipoatrophy – repeated injections of drugs(insulin)

Lichenification -focal skin thickness caused by repeated scatch, rubbing

  • Characteric triad of lichenification – epidermis thickening, hyperpigmentation and skin markings (eg: lichen simplex chronicus)

Dr. Aye Min Htoo

(Dermatologist)

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